Labyrinthitis: What it is, symptoms, and treatment

What is labyrinthitis?

Labyrinthitis is caused by infections in the inner or middle ear. It begins with an inflammation of the vestibular nerve, a condition known as vestibular neuritis. The labyrinth, located in the inner ear, includes delicate channels, tubes, and sacs filled with fluid. These structures send signals to the brain about movement and sound, affecting balance and hearing. Infections can inflame these channels, leading to confusion in the signals sent to the brain, resulting in dizziness and vertigo.

Symptoms of labyrinthitis

Symptoms of labyrinthitis can appear suddenly and may include:

• Dizziness

• Vertigo (a spinning sensation)

• Loss of balance

• Difficulty standing or walking

• Nausea or vomiting

• Tinnitus (ringing in the ears)

Other symptoms might include ear pressure and pain, fluid discharge from the ear, difficulty focusing, mild headaches, lightheadedness, blurry vision, and a general feeling of being unwell. These symptoms can also cause anxiety.

Causes of labyrinthitis

Labyrinthitis is caused by viral or bacterial infections that spread to the ear, often from the nose, mouth, chest, or upper respiratory region. While it’s not contagious, spreading a cold or flu can trigger it.

Age, smoking, alcohol, stress, and autoimmune conditions can increase susceptibility. Viral labyrinthitis is most common in adults aged 30-60, but it can occur at any age, affecting men and women equally.

Treatment for labyrinthitis

Treatment typically includes medication, rest, and exercise. Most people recover fully within a few weeks to two months. Treatment options may include:

Medication: anti-inflammatory drugs, motion-sickness tablets, sedatives, or antihistamines.

Rest: plenty of rest, especially during the early stages.

Physical Therapy: exercises for eye movement, coordination, balance, and strength, guided by a physiotherapist.

Self-care tips for labyrinthitis

Labyrinthitis usually improves on its own, but these tips can help ease symptoms:

• Avoid sudden movements.

• Focus on fixed objects.

• Avoid bright lights and overwhelming noise.

• Avoid driving, operating machinery, and heights.

• Stay hydrated and well-rested.

• Avoid alcohol and air travel.

• Lie down in a dark room if you feel dizzy.

• Start walking as soon as possible, but take it slow and bring support.

• Carry sunglasses to protect against bright lights.

When to see a doctor

If you have symptoms of labyrinthitis, see a doctor to determine the cause. Symptoms can start suddenly, so early diagnosis is important. Make an appointment if your symptoms do not improve within a few days, worsen, or if you develop new symptoms.

Immediate medical attention is needed for serious symptoms like double vision, fever, fainting, or convulsions. Sudden hearing loss also requires prompt medical attention.

Does labyrinthitis recur?

Most people recover completely from labyrinthitis, though it can take weeks or months.

Some people experience mild dizziness when shaking their head or vertigo in certain situations.

Physical therapy is often the best way to improve your condition and prevent recurrences.